iovane sabanisZe
VIII saukunis qarTveli hagiografi, avtori “abo Tbilelis martvilobisa”
iovane sabanisZe avtoria hagiografiuli Txzulebisa `wamebaÁ wmidisa da netarisa haboÁsi~. am nawarmoebSi gadmocemulia Tavgadasavali arabi Wabukis, habosi, romelmac uaryo mahmadianoba, gaqristianda da mowameobrivi sikvdiliT aResrula TbilisSi 786 wlis 6 ianvars.
konkretuli biografiuli cnobebi iovane sabanisZis Sesaxeb cnobili ar aris. am TvalsazrisiT ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens Tavad iovanes Txzuleba `abos wameba~, romelic garkveul warmodgenas gviqmnis avtoris pirovnebasa da moRvaweobaze.
iovane sabanisZis Txzulebas win uZRvis ori werili (=epistole) 1. qarTlis kaTalikosis, samoelis (780-790 ww.) epistole iovane sabanisZis mimarT; 2. iovane sabanisZis sapasuxo epistole samoel kaTalikosis mimarT. am epistoleebidan irkveva, rom iovane sabanisZes `abos wameba~ dauweria samoel kaTalikosis dakveTiT. kaTalikoss miaCnda, rom dabadebiT mahmadiani qristiani mowamis Rvawlis ambis gageba gaamxnevebda qarTvel qristianebs, romlebic im dros arabTa batonobis uRelqveS imyofebodnen. rogorc iovanesadmi mimarTuli epistolidan Cans, samoel kaTalikosma habos Rvawlis aRwera daavala iovanes, radganac: 1. iovane Tavisi drois erT-erTi yvelaze ganaTlebuli da wminda werilSi gaswavluli piri yofila; 2. Txzulebis teqstidan Cans, rom iovane piradad icnobda arab mowames da amis gamo Tavis movaleobad miaCnda, moeTxro habos Rvawlis Sesaxeb: `da kualad meSinis me dadumebad, rameTu sanatreliTa miT qristÀsmieriTa siyuaruliTa Semoyuare me, vidre iyavRa sofelsa amas Sina Cuensa~ - mimarTavs iovane mowames.
cxadi ar aris arc is, saero piri iyo iovane Tu sasuliero. Tavisi epistolis bolos samoeli mSvidobas usurvebs iovanesa da misi saxlis krebuls: `mSÂdobaÁ iyavn Sen zeda da yovelTa saxlisa Senisa krebulTa~. mkvlevarTa nawili fiqrobs, rom samoeli aq gulisxmobda iovanes ojaxs da, amdenad, igi saero piri unda yofiliyo (kekeliZe); nawils ki miaCnia, rom samoeli gulisxmobda monastersa da mis sakrebulos – iovanes sulier Zmebsa da Svilebs da, aqedan gamomdinare, igi sasuliero pirad, monastris winamZRvrad unda miviCnioT.
struqturulad iovanes Txzuleba oTxi Tavisagan Sedgeba. esenia: 1. moÃsenebaÁ wmidisa haboÁsi; 2. qarTlad SemoslvaÁ da naTlisRebaÁ wmidisa mowamisa haboÁsi; 3. wamebaÁ wmidisa haboÁsi; 4. qebaÁ wmidisa mowamisa haboÁsi.
pirvel TavSi iovane sabanisZe mogviTxrobs, ra viTareba iyo arabebisagan dapyrobil qarTlSi, ra gansacdelis winaSe aRmoCnda xuTaswliani qristianuli tradiciis mqone qveyana mahmadianTa mmarTvelobis dros – mravalma qarTvelma daiviwya mamapapeuli sjuli, eri sulieri gadagvarebis winaSe aRmoCnda. aqve gadmogcmes iovane Tavis azrs imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra sulieri misia akisria saqarTvelos eklesiasa da, zogadad, qveyanas; ganmartebulia, Tu ra azri da mniSvneloba hqonda habos martvilobas qarTvelebisaTvis. II-III TavebSi abos Tavgadasavalia gadmocemuli, IV Tavi ki warmoadgens abos Sesxmas, xotbas, sadac cxdad vlindeba avtoris Rrma Teologiuri ganswavluloba.
iovane sabanisZe Rrma mxatvruli azrovnebis mqone mweralia. mis TxzulebaSi erTadaa warmodgenili piradi werilebi, politikur-istoriuli sinamdvile, Teologiuri ganmartebani, sxv., Tumca, amisda miuxedavad, iovanes mxatvruli samyaro saocari harmoniulobiT gamoirCeva; nawarmoebis kompozicia mwyobria, Txzulebis oTxive Tavi logikuria da Sinaganad Sekruli. mwerlis ostatoba gansakuTrebiT vlindeba dialogebSi, romlebic Zalze metyvelia saxeobrivi TvalsazrisiT.
safiqrebvlia, rom iovane sabanisZis Txzuleba dawerili unda iyos 786-790 ww-Si (periodi abos sikvdilidan vidre samoelis kaTalikosobamde).
am Txzulebis Semcveli uZvelesi xelnaweri (A 19, xelnawerTa erovnuli centri) TariRdeba X saukuniT. savaraudod, iovane sabaniSZe unda ekuTvnodes agreTve sagalobeli habos Sesaxeb, romelic daculia Zv. qarTuli mwignobrobis erT-erT uZveles ZeglSi, IX=-X ss-is Wil-etratis iadgarSi (xelnaweri H 2123, xelnawerTA erovnuli centri).
wyaroebi da samecniero literatura:
1. saqarTvelos samoTxe, gamocemuli gobron pavles Ze sabininis mier, peterburRi, 1882, gv.333-350;
2. p. karbelaSvili, wminda mowame abo tfileli, 1899, saeklesio muzeumis gamocema #3;
3. k. kekeliZe, adrindeli feodaluri qarTuli literatura, 1935, gv. 55-80;
4. Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, I, Segenili sol. yubaneiSvilis mier, Tbilisi 1946, gv. 55-71;
5. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, I, Tbilisi, 1963, 46-81;
6. М. Сабинин, Полное жизнеописание святых грузинской церкви, ч. I, СПб. 1871, gv. 166-178;
7. К. Кекелидзе, Памятники древнегрузинской агиографической литературы, 1956, gv. 31-60; igive: etiudebi, XII, gv. 104-128.
8. K. Schultze, Das Martirium des heiligen Abo von Tiflis, texte und Unstersuchungen N. Folge, XIII, 4.
9. D. Lang, Tha Martyrdom of Abo, the perfumer from Baghdad, Lives and Legends of the Georgian Saints, London, 1956, p. 115-133.S
10. javaxiSvili ivane, Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba (V-VIII ss.), Tbilisi, 1945, 76-85;
11. k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, t. I, Tbilisi 1980, gv. 129-132;
12. k. kekeliZe, a. baramiZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, Tbilisi, 1969, gv. 74-79.
13. P. Peeters, Les Khazars dans la Passion de S. Abo de Tiflis, Analecta Bollandiana, LXII, fasc. I et II, 1934, gv. 21-56.
moamzada Tina ceraZem